Review

1. Most juvenile offenders with major depression are sad and withdrawn.
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
2. Most, but not all, juvenile correctional facilities offer specialized services for offenders with “co-occurring disorders.”
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
3. The sole mission of the juvenile justice system is to promote public safety. True False
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
4. Psychotropic medications have only positive results and should be used whenever a youth presents with co-occurring disorders.
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
5. Even though juvenile offenders may not have used drug/alcohol long enough to develop tolerance or withdrawal symptoms, they can still meet criteria for Substance Dependence Disorder.
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
6. The terms co-existing disorders, dual-diagnosis, double jeopardy, and MICA can be used interchangeably to describe a youth with co-occurring disorders.
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
7. There is no evidence that any mental health intervention has an impact on decreasing delinquent behavior.
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
8. The “treatment” (mental health or substance abuse) system versus the juvenile justice system should provide the initial consequences if the youth fails to comply with treatment.
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
9. It is best not to engage the youth around substance abuse issues if he or she will only be incarcerated for a short period of time—the community provider can do this after release.
   1. True
   2. False
      
      
10. Youth with co-occurring disorders are at higher risk for suicide than are youth without co-occuring disorders.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
11. Although many States once experienced Disproportinate Minority Confinement (DMC), recent policy changes in the past five years have made this much less of an issue.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
12. Age is the best predictor of arrest, incarceration, and release.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
13. The majority of youth in juvenile justice who have a mental health disorder have a substance abuse disorder as well.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
14. Confrontation is an approach that has been incorporated with great success from traditional addictions treatment models to the treatment of youth with co-occurring disorders.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
15. The belief that substance use can exacerbate a mental disorder is a myth.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
16. African-American and Asian-American youth have the lowest rates of substance use.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
17. Youth with co-occurring disorders are at higher risk for progression to substance abuse after initial substance use than youth withou co-occurring disorders.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
18. Self-report screening tools are limited because they rely solely on information reported by the youth, but steps can be taken to improve the accuracy of this type of information.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
19. Close to half of all youth in juvenile justice have a history of mental health treatment/hospitalization.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
20. Older youth find graduation and congratulatory sessions after completing treatment childish and condescending, so they should only be used with offenders 14 years of age and younger.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
21. Youth appreciate it when mental health, substance abuse, and juvenile justice staff ask similar questions because they finally feel “listened” to.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
22. “Culturally competent” substance abuse programs acknowledge that diversity between cultures is important versus diversity within cultures.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
23. Only professionally trained mental health and/or substance abuse staff should conduct mental health or substance abuse screenings on youth.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
24. Best practice indicates that screening of mental health and substance abuse disorders should only occur when the youth first enters the system.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
25. Caucasian youth are more likely to be diagnosed with conduct disorder than African-American youth.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
26. A youth’s self-report of substance use often increases with concurrent use of drug tests.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
27. Psychotic symptoms can be associated with intoxication from almost every class of drugs used by juvenile offenders.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
28. Coercing a youth into treatment (e.g., involuntary commitment, involuntary detox) has been shown to cause resistant behavior in the youth and is not recommended as a strategy for treatment engagement.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
29. A youth’s psychiatric symptoms may be entirely substance-induced.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
30. When working with youth who have co-occurring disorders, it is important to determine which is the “primary” versus “secondary” diagnosis.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
31. A sad, withdrawn juvenile offender is more likely to make a “serious” suicide attempt than is an angry and impulsive offender.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
32. It is only within the last two years that the exact nature between mental illness and substance abuse has been understood.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
33. If staff from each of the three systems (mental health, substance abuse, juvenile justice) each focused on their own area versus what the others were doing, things would go much smoother.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
34. Because of barriers and obstacles for minorities to access mental health and substance use services, the juvenile justice system may be the first opportunity for a youth to receive treatment for a psychiatric or substance use disorder.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
35. In the juvenile justice system, there are two main types of assessment, namely risk assessment and needs assessment.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
36. In the “parallel” treatment model, a youth participates in both mental health and substance abuse treatment at the same time, provided by the same agency or staff members.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
37. Because of the large numbers of youth in the juvenile justice system, not all youth need to be screened for mental health or substance use disorders.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
38. Dysthymic disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among youth in the juvenile justice system.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
39. Predicting whether an individual youth will engage in future criminal behavior is not difficult if you utilize a reliable risk assessment instrument.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
40. Mental health, substance abuse, and social services are typically co-located at Juvenile Assessment Centers.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
41. In order to preserve their therapeutic relationship with a juvenile offender, a treatment provider should not involve him or herself with court orders, specifics of the juvenile justice plan, etc.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
42. Because 12-step programs were designed for adults, compliance with these approaches is often lower for adolescents.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
43. Mental health and substance abuse treatment systems have a similar philosophy regarding treatment of the juvenile ofender, but it often conflicts with that of the juvenile justice system.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
44. The “Motivational Interviewing” approach recommends using a confrontational approach when dealing with a youth’s substance use disorder, but not his or her psychiatric disorder.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
45. Because of the chronic nature of both mental health and substance use disorders, most youth involved with the juvenile justice system would benefit from long term formal treatment (e.g., at least two years).
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
46. Missing treatment sessions by the juvenile offender or their family usually reflects resistance on the client’s part and should be expected, particularly in the early stages of treatment.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
47. “Least restrictive placement” is a term used in the mental health system, not in the juvenile justice system.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
48. When trying to engage a youth in treatment, it is best to avoid addressing “other” problems the youth is concerned about; it is best to keep the focus on mental health or substance abuse.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
49. Multisystemic Therapy (MST) has been shown to decrease criminal behavior, decrease out-of-home placements, and decrease substance abuse.
    1. True
    2. False
       
       
50. Youth in psychiatric hospitals have more serious psychiatric disorders than youth in the juvenile justice system.
    1. True
    2. False